What Is Reefer Trucking?
Reefer (refrigerated) trucking uses temperature-controlled trailers to transport perishable and temperature-sensitive goods. Reefer units can maintain temperatures from -20°F to 70°F.
Temperature Requirements by Commodity
| Commodity | Required Temp | Tolerance |
|---|---|---|
| Fresh produce | 32–45°F | ±2°F |
| Frozen foods | -10 to 0°F | ±3°F |
| Dairy products | 34–38°F | ±2°F |
| Meat & poultry | 28–32°F | ±2°F |
| Pharmaceuticals | 36–46°F | ±1°F |
| Flowers | 33–35°F | ±2°F |
| Chocolate/confections | 55–65°F | ±3°F |
| Beverages | 35–45°F | ±3°F |
Reefer Trucking Costs
Reefer rates are typically 20–40% higher than dry van rates:
| Lane | Dry Van | Reefer | Premium |
|---|---|---|---|
| LA → Dallas | $3,200 | $4,200 | +31% |
| FL → NY/NJ | $3,500 | $4,800 | +37% |
| CA → Chicago | $4,500 | $5,800 | +29% |
FSMA Compliance
The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) requires:
- Sanitary transportation practices
- Written procedures for temperature control
- Training for personnel involved in transportation
- Record-keeping for temperature monitoring
- Pre-cooling trailers before loading
Best Practices
- Pre-cool trailers to required temperature before loading
- Verify pulp temperature of product, not just air temperature
- Load quickly to minimize temperature fluctuation
- Monitor continuously with temperature recording devices
- Document everything — temperature logs, load/unload times
- Inspect trailers for cleanliness, odors, and mechanical issues
Common Reefer Issues
- Temperature excursions — Caused by door openings, unit failure, or improper loading
- Cross-contamination — Mixed commodities with different temperature needs
- Fuel for reefer unit — Reefer fuel is separate from truck fuel
- Pre-cooling time — Allow 1–2 hours for trailer to reach temperature
Indray handles reefer shipments with temperature-monitored carriers. Get a quote.
