What Is LTL Shipping?
LTL (Less Than Truckload) shipping is used when your freight doesn't fill an entire trailer. Your shipment shares trailer space with other shippers' freight, and you pay only for the space your goods occupy.
LTL vs FTL: When to Use Each
| Factor | LTL | FTL |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | 150–10,000 lbs | 10,000–45,000 lbs |
| Pallets | 1–12 | 12–30 |
| Transit Time | 2–7 days | 1–5 days |
| Handling | Multiple touches | Direct, minimal handling |
| Cost | Per CWT/class | Per mile/flat rate |
| Best For | Small/medium shipments | Large/full loads |
Freight Classes (NMFC)
LTL pricing is based on freight class, which is determined by:
- Density (weight per cubic foot)
- Stowability (ease of fitting with other freight)
- Handling (special care requirements)
- Liability (value and susceptibility to damage)
| Class | Density (lbs/ft³) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 50 | 50+ | Sand, bricks |
| 70 | 15–22.5 | Auto parts, food |
| 100 | 9–10.5 | Furniture, crates |
| 150 | 5–6 | Auto sheet metal |
| 200 | 2–3 | Stuffed furniture |
| 300 | 1–2 | Wood cabinets |
| 500 | <1 | Gold, artwork |
How LTL Pricing Works
LTL rates are calculated using:
- Base rate per hundredweight (CWT) for the freight class
- Distance between origin and destination
- Discounts based on volume commitments
- Accessorial charges for special services
Common LTL Accessorials
- Liftgate delivery: $75–$150
- Inside delivery: $75–$200
- Residential delivery: $75–$125
- Limited access: $50–$100
- Notify before delivery: $15–$25
- Sort and segregate: $25–$50 per stop
Tips for Lower LTL Rates
- Classify correctly — Over-classification costs money
- Stack and shrink-wrap pallets for better density
- Use standard pallet sizes (48" x 40")
- Ship mid-week when capacity is more available
- Negotiate volume discounts with your carrier or broker
- Consolidate shipments when possible
Packaging Requirements
- All freight must be palletized or crated
- Shrink wrap all pallets to prevent shifting
- Mark each package with shipper and consignee info
- Use adequate cushioning for fragile items
- Don't exceed pallet dimensions of 48" x 40" x 72"
Indray handles LTL shipping across the United States with competitive rates. Get a quote.
