Shipping Hazardous Materials by Truck
Transporting hazardous materials (hazmat) requires strict compliance with DOT, FMCSA, and PHMSA regulations. Non-compliance can result in fines of $50,000+ per violation.
Hazmat Classifications
| Class | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Explosives | Fireworks, ammunition |
| 2 | Gases | Propane, oxygen, aerosols |
| 3 | Flammable liquids | Gasoline, paint, adhesives |
| 4 | Flammable solids | Matches, metal powders |
| 5 | Oxidizers/peroxides | Hydrogen peroxide, fertilizers |
| 6 | Toxic/infectious | Pesticides, medical waste |
| 7 | Radioactive | Medical isotopes, uranium |
| 8 | Corrosives | Batteries, acids, bleach |
| 9 | Miscellaneous | Lithium batteries, dry ice, asbestos |
Required Documentation
- Shipping papers (BOL with hazmat description)
- Emergency response information (ERG guide)
- Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for each hazmat material
- Hazmat registration with PHMSA
- Placards matching the hazard class
Placard Requirements
- Required for any quantity of Table 1 materials
- Required for 1,001+ lbs aggregate of Table 2 materials
- Must be visible on all four sides of the trailer
- Replace damaged or missing placards immediately
Driver Requirements
- Hazmat endorsement (H) on CDL
- TSA background check (security threat assessment)
- Training in hazmat handling, emergency procedures
- Medical examiner's certificate (current)
Packaging Standards
All hazmat must be packaged in:
- UN-rated packaging appropriate for the material
- Properly labeled with hazard class, UN number, and proper shipping name
- Sealed to prevent leakage during normal transportation
Penalties for Non-Compliance
| Violation | Penalty Range |
|---|---|
| Packaging violation | $500–$50,000 |
| Missing placards | $250–$75,000 |
| Untrained driver | $450–$75,000 |
| Failure to register | $250–$50,000 |
| Knowing violation | Up to $175,000 + criminal |
Work With Compliant Carriers
Hazmat shipping requires carriers with proper insurance, equipment, and trained drivers. Indray vets all hazmat carriers for full compliance. Request a hazmat quote.
